17 февруари 2016 г.

32-bit processors: P5 microarchitecture

32-bit processors: P5 microarchitecture
Original Pentium
Bus width 64 bits
System bus clock rate 60 or 66 MHz
Address bus 32 bits
Addressable Memory 4 GB
Virtual Memory 1 TB
Superscalar architecture
Runs on 3.3 Volts (except the very first generation "P5")
Used in desktops
8 KB of instruction cache
8 KB of data cache
P5 – 0.8 μm process technology
Introduced March 22, 1993
Number of transistors 3.1 million
The only Pentium running on 5 Volts

Pentium Pro
Introduced November 1, 1995
Precursor to Pentium II and III
Primarily used in server systems
Number of transistors 5.5 million

Pentium II
Introduced May 7, 1997
Pentium Pro with MMX and improved 16-bit performance
Voltage identification pins
Number of transistors 7.5 million
32 KB L1 cache
512 KB 1⁄2 bandwidth external L2 cache
The only Pentium II that did not have the L2 cache at 1⁄2 bandwidth of the core was the Pentium II 450

Celeron (Pentium II-based)
Covington – 0.25 μm process technology
Introduced April 15, 1998
242-pin Slot 1 SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package)
Number of transistors 7.5 million
66 MHz system bus clock rate

Pentium II Xeon (chronological entry)
Introduced June 29, 1998


Pentium III
Katmai – 0.25 μm process technology
Introduced February 26, 1999
Improved PII, i.e. P6-based core, now including Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE)
Number of transistors 9.5 million
512 KB 1⁄2 bandwidth L2 External cache
242-pin Slot 1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor package
System Bus clock rate 100 MHz, 133 MHz (B-models)

Pentium II and III Xeon
PII Xeon
Variants
400 MHz Introduced June 29, 1998
450 MHz (512 KB L2 Cache) Introduced October 6, 1998
450 MHz (1 MB and 2 MB L2 Cache) Introduced January 5, 1999
PIII Xeon
Introduced October 25, 1999
Number of transistors: 9.5 million at 0.25 μm or 28 million at 0.18 μm
L2 cache is 256 KB, 1 MB, or 2 MB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated)


Pentium 4 (not 4EE, 4E, 4F), Itanium, P4-based Xeon, Itanium 2 (chronological entries)

Celeron (Pentium III Tualatin-based)
Tualatin Celeron – 0.13 μm process technology

Pentium M


Based on Pentium III core, with SSE2 SIMD instructions and deeper pipeline
Number of transistors 77 million

Duo Core Processors occur

Variants:
Intel Core Duo T2700 2.33 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2600 2.16 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2500 2 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2450 2 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2400 1.83 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2300 1.66 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2050 1.6 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2300e 1.66 GHz
Intel Core Duo T2080 1.73 GHz
Intel Core Duo L2500 1.83 GHz (low voltage, 15W TDP)
Intel Core Duo L2400 1.66 GHz (low voltage, 15W TDP)
Intel Core Duo L2300 1.5 GHz (low voltage, 15W TDP)
Intel Core Duo U2500 1.2 GHz (ultra low voltage, 9W TDP)
Intel Core Solo T1350 1.86 GHz (533 FSB)
Intel Core Solo T1300 1.66 GHz
Intel Core Solo T1200 1.5 GHz[6]
Dual-Core Xeon LV

Itanium (chronological entry - new non-x86 architecture)
Introduced 2001

Xeon
Official designation now Xeon, i.e. not "Pentium 4 Xeon"
Xeon 1.4, 1.5, 1.7 GHz
Introduced May 21, 2001
L2 cache was 256 KB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated)
Processor Package Style was Organic Land Grid Array 603 (OLGA 603)
System Bus clock rate 400 MHz
SSE2 SIMD Extensions
Used in high-performance and mid-range dual processor enabled workstations
Xeon 2.0 GHz and up to 3.6 GHz
Introduced September 25, 2001

Itanium 2 (chronological entry - new non-x86 architecture)
Introduced July 2002



Mobile Pentium 4-M
0.13 μm process technology
55 million transistors
cache L2 512 KB

Pentium 4 EE
Introduced September 2003
EE = "Extreme Edition"
Built from the Xeon's "Gallatin" core, but with 2 MB cache

Pentium 4E

Core 2 Duo E6850 – 3.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E6800 – 2.93 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E6750 – 2.67 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W)
Core 2 Duo E6700 – 2.67 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E6600 – 2.40 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 65W)
Core 2 Duo E6550 – 2.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E6420 – 2.13 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E6400 – 2.13 GHz (2 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E6320 – 1.86 GHz (4 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 6
Core 2 Duo E6300 – 1.86 GHz (2 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Conroe XE – 65 nm process technology
Desktop Extreme Edition CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
Introduced July 27, 2006
same features as Conroe

Variants
Core 2 Duo T7800 – 2.60 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (Santa Rosa platform)
Core 2 Duo T7700 – 2.40 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7600 – 2.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7500 – 2.20 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7400 – 2.16 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7300 – 2.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7250 – 2.00 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7200 – 2.00 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T7100 – 1.80 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo T5600 – 1.83 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 6
Core 2 Duo T5550 – 1.83 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo T5500 – 1.66 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo T5470 – 1.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB, no VT) Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 13
Core 2 Duo T5450 – 1.66 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo T5300 – 1.73 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo T5270 – 1.40 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo T5250 – 1.50 GHz (2 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo T5200 – 1.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB, no VT)
Core 2 Duo L7500 – 1.60 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
Core 2 Duo L7400 – 1.50 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
Core 2 Duo L7300 – 1.40 GHz (4 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
Core 2 Duo L7200 – 1.33 GHz (4 MB L2, 667 MHz FSB) (low voltage)
Core 2 Duo U7700 – 1.33 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB) (ultra low voltage)
Core 2 Duo U7600 – 1.20 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB) (ultra low voltage)
Core 2 Duo U7500 – 1.06 GHz (2 MB L2, 533 MHz FSB) (ultra low voltage)
Kentsfield – 65 nm process technology
Two dual-core CPU dies in one package.
Desktop CPU quad-core (SMP support restricted to 4 CPUs)
Introduced December 13, 2006
same features as Conroe but with 4 CPU cores
Number of transistors 586 million
LGA 775
Family 6, Model 15, Stepping 11
Variants
Core 2 Extreme QX6850 – 3 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Extreme QX6800 – 2.93 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (April 9, 2007)
Core 2 Extreme QX6700 – 2.66 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (November 14, 2006)
Core 2 Quad Q6700 – 2.66 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (July 22, 2007)
Core 2 Quad Q6600 – 2.40 GHz (2×4 MB L2 Cache, 1066 MHz FSB) (January 7, 2007)
Wolfdale – 45 nm process technology
Die shrink of Conroe
Same features as Conroe with the addition of:
50% more cache, 6 MB as opposed to 4 MB
Intel Trusted Execution Technology
SSE4 SIMD instructions
Number of transistors 410 million
Variants
Core 2 Duo E8600 – 3.33 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8500 – 3.16 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8435 – 3.07 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8400 – 3.00 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8335 – 2.93 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8300 – 2.83 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8235 – 2.80 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8200 – 2.66 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8135 – 2.66 GHz (6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E8190 – 2.66 GHz (6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, no TXT, no VT)
Wolfdale-3M – 45 nm process technology
Intel Trusted Execution Technology
Variants
Core 2 Duo E7600 – 3.06 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E7500 – 2.93 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E7400 – 2.80 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E7300 – 2.66 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Duo E7200 – 2.53 GHz (3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Yorkfield – 45 nm process technology
Quad-core CPU
Die shrink of Kentsfield
Contains 2x Wolfdale dual-core dies in one package
Same features as Wolfdale
Number of transistors 820 million
Variants
Core 2 Extreme QX9770 – 3.20 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1600 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Extreme QX9650 – 3.00 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Quad Q9705 – 3.16 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Quad Q9700 – 3.16 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Quad Q9650 – 3 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB)
Core 2 Quad Q9550 – 2.83 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9550s – 2.83 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9450 – 2.66 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9505 – 2.83 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9505s – 2.83 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9500 – 2.83 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP, no TXT)
Core 2 Quad Q9400 – 2.66 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9400s – 2.66 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9300 – 2.50 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q8400 – 2.66 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q8400s – 2.66 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q8300 – 2.50 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q8300s – 2.50 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q8200 – 2.33 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 95W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q8200s – 2.33 GHz (2×2 MB L2, 1333 MHz FSB, 65W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q7600 – 2.70 GHz (2×1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB, no SSE4) (no Q7600 listed here)
Intel Core2 Quad Mobile Processor Family – 45 nm process technology
Quad-core CPU
Variants
Core 2 Quad Q9100 – 2.26 GHz (2×6 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 45W TDP)
Core 2 Quad Q9000 – 2.00 GHz (2×3 MB L2, 1066 MHz FSB, 45W TDP)
Pentium Dual-Core[edit]
Allendale – 65 nm process technology
Desktop CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs)
Two cores on one die
Introduced January 21, 2007
SSSE3 SIMD instructions
Number of transistors 167 million
TXT, enhanced security hardware extensions
Execute Disable Bit
EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology)
Variants
Intel Pentium E2220 – 2.40 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E2200 – 2.20 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E2180 – 2.00 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E2160 – 1.80 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E2140 – 1.60 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Wolfdale-3M 45 nm process technology
Intel Pentium E6800 – 3.33 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E6700 – 3.20 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E6600 – 3.06 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E6500 – 2.93 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E6300 – 2.80 GHz (2 MB L2,1066 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E5800 – 3.20 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E5700 – 3.00 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E5500 – 2.80 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E5400 – 2.70 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E5300 – 2.60 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E5200 – 2.50 GHz (2 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Pentium E2210 – 2.20 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Celeron[edit]
Allendale – 65 nm process technology
Variants
Intel Celeron E1600 – 2.40 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron E1500 – 2.20 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron E1400 – 2.00 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron E1300 – 1.80 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB) (does it exist?)[citation needed]
Intel Celeron E1200 – 1.60 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Wolfdale-3M – 45 nm process technology
Variants
Intel Celeron E3500 – 2.70 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron E3400 – 2.60 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron E3300 – 2.50 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron E3200 – 2.40 GHz (1 MB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Conroe-L – 65 nm process technology
Variants
Intel Celeron 450 – 2.20 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron 440 – 2.00 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron 430 – 1.80 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron 420 – 1.60 GHz (512 KB L2, 800 MHz FSB)
Intel Celeron 220 – 1.20 GHz (512 KB L2, 533 MHz FSB)
Conroe-CL – 65 nm process technology
LGA 771 package
Variants
Intel Celeron 445 – 1.87 GHz (512 KB L2, 1066 MHz FSB)
Celeron M[edit]
Merom-L 65 nm process technology
64 KB L1 cache
1 MB L2 cache (integrated)
SSE3 SIMD instructions, 533 MHz/667 MHz front-side bus, execute-disable bit, 64-bit
No SpeedStep technology, is not part of the 'Centrino' package

8-ядрен чип Core i7-5960X Extreme Edition. Чипът е насочен към почитателите на възможно най-върховите технологии и висока производителност.

Процесорът е първият клиентски модел на компанията, който поддържа 16 изчислителни нишки. Той е комбиниран с чипсета Intel X99 и поддържа DDR4 памет.

Core i7-5960X ще се продава както самостоятелно, така и като част от готови конфигурации. Лиса Граф, която е вицепрезидент и генерален директор на Intel Desktop Client Platform Group, заявява, че чипът е част от стратегията на компанията да преоткрие настолния компютър. Затова процесорът е насочен именно към хората с най-големи изисквания и ще издържа на овърклок и високи натоварвания.

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